Okay, so there are five pirates, and they have 100 gold coins that they want to share. These pirates have a very special way of deciding who gets how much gold, and it's a little bit tricky.

1. Pirate 1 is the oldest and the most senior. He gets to propose how the gold should be shared among all the pirates.

2. All the pirates, including Pirate 1, will vote on Pirate 1's proposal. If more than half of them agree with the plan, then they will split the gold that way.

3. But here's the twist! If less than half of the pirates agree with Pirate 1's plan, Pirate 1 gets thrown overboard and is out of the picture! Oh no!

Now, the important part is how Pirate 1 decides to share the gold. You see, Pirate 1 wants to get as much gold as possible, but he also wants to stay alive. So, let's figure out what he should do.

Pirate 1 knows that if he's thrown overboard, Pirate 2 will become the most senior pirate and will make the next proposal. So, Pirate 1 needs to make sure that his proposal is good enough for at least half of the pirates to agree with him. That way, he gets to stay alive and still get some gold.

Here's what Pirate 1 can do:

• Pirate 1 will keep 98 gold coins for himself.
• He will give 1 gold coin to Pirate 3, who is next in line.
• And he will give 1 gold coin to Pirate 5, who is the youngest.

This is what Pirate 1's proposal looks like:

• Pirate 1 gets 98 gold coins.
• Pirate 2 gets 0 gold coins because he won't get a chance to vote.
• Pirate 3 gets 1 gold coin.
• Pirate 4 gets 0 gold coins because he won't get a chance to vote.
• Pirate 5 gets 1 gold coin.

Now, let's see why this proposal is smart:

• Pirate 1 gets the most gold (98 coins).
• Pirate 3 and Pirate 5 are happy because they get something (1 coin each).
• Pirate 2 and Pirate 4 don't get any gold, but they can't do anything about it because they won't have a chance to vote if Pirate 1's proposal is accepted.

So, Pirate 1's proposal is fair enough to get at least half of the votes because Pirate 3 and Pirate 5 will definitely agree to it since they get gold. Pirate 1 stays alive and gets the most gold. Yay!

That's how Pirate 1 can be really smart about sharing the gold and staying safe.